SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study - PMC
Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 19992002. Prenatal and postnatal tobacco exposure was based on parent report; lead exposure was measured using blood lead concentration. ADHD was defined as having current stimulant medication use and parent report of ADHD diagnosed by a doctor or health professional. This multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2015, to 3 tertiary referral centers (Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri; and Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina) and 3 community hospitals (Brigham and Womens Faulkner Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri; and Duke Regional Hospital, Durham, North Carolina). We identified all patients who died in the hospital or emergency department during the study period and randomly selected 100 cases from each hospital for structured medical record reviews. Patients newly referred to hospice were also included as a surrogate for death, as hospice is an increasingly common end-of-life destination for patients with sepsis.1,12,13 We excluded patients who were already enrolled in hospice prior to admission unless the patient died in the hospital because our goal was to focus on patients for whom hospice indicated an acute transition to end-of-life care. We also excluded patients who were rehospitalized after discharge to hospice in order to focus on those who died shortly after discharge. Study approval was obtained from the institutional review boards at Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Partners HealthCare, Washington University School of Medicine, and Duke University Health System with a waiver of informed consent because this was a retrospective study of patients who died during hospitalization, making collection of consent not feasible. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline for cohort Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are emerging tickborne diseases that can also be transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants. Since 2000, ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis cases in the United States have increased substantially, resulting in potential risk to transplant and transfusion recipients. We reviewed ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis cases among blood transfusion and solid organ transplant recipients in the United States from peer-reviewed literature and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigations. We identified 132 cases during 19972020, 12 transfusion-associated cases and 120 cases in transplant recipients; 8 cases were donor-derived, and in 13 cases illness occurred <1 year after transplant. Disease in the remaining 99 cases occurred 1 year after transplant, suggesting donor-derived disease was unlikely. Severe illness or death were reported among 15 transfusion and transplant recipients. Clinicians should be alert for these possible infections among transfusion and transplant recipients to prevent severe complications or death by quickly treating them.
Decisões selecionadas que citam Artigo 46 - We used parent report to measure childrens exposure to tobacco products. Measurement of prenatal ETS exposure consisted of the question Did the childs biological mother smoke at any time while she was pregnant with him/her? No information on the quantity or brand of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy was collected. We assessed postnatal ETS exposure using parent-reported exposure to household ETS by asking Does anyone who lives here smoke cigarettes, cigars, or pipes anywhere inside this home? In a secondary analysis, we explored using the childs serum cotinine concentration, a metabolite of nicotine, as a biomarker of ETS exposure (Bernert et al 2000). All children with cotinine values < ng/mL were imputed from the left tail of the log-normal distribution using Cohens method (Cohen 1959). We focused primarily on reported presence of a smoker in the home as the independent variable because serum cotinine values were missing for 921 children.
Artigo 46 cdc - Questions about the durability of vaccine protection against monkeypox have taken on particular significance as the number of cases worldwide has risen. Monkeypox re-emerged among people in Nigeria in 2017, and there have since been about 200 confirmed cases and 500 suspected cases.
Jurisprudências atuais que citam Artigo 46
Among 121 patients known to have been admitted to an ICU, 7 of cases were reported among adults 85 years, 46 among adults aged 6584 years, 36 among adults aged 4564 years, and 12 among adults aged 2044 years (Figure 2). No ICU admissions were reported among persons aged 19 years. Percentages of ICU admissions were lowest among adults aged 2044 years (24) and highest among adults aged 7584 years (1131) (Table). Little data on the persistence of human norovirus infectivity are available to predict its transmissibility. Using human intestinal enteroids, we demonstrate that 2 human norovirus strains can remain infectious for several weeks in seawater. Such experiments can improve understanding of factors associated with norovirus survival in coastal waters and shellfish. Despite extensive technological advances in recent years, objective and continuous assessment of physiologic measures after vaccination is rarely performed. We conducted a prospective observational study to evaluate short-term self-reported and physiologic reactions to the booster BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech, ) vaccine dose. A total of 1,609 participants were equipped with smartwatches and completed daily questionnaires through a dedicated mobile application.
We evaluated the incidence, outcomes, and causative agents of bloodstream infections (BSI) in Finland during 20042018 by using data from the national registries. We identified a total of 173,715 BSIs; annual incidence increased from 150 to 309 cases/100,000 population. BSI incidence rose most sharply among persons >80 years of age. The 1-month case-fatality rate decreased from 13. 0 to 12. 6, but the 1-month all-cause mortality rate rose from 20 to 39 deaths/100,000 population. BSIs caused by Escherichia coli increased from 26 to 30 of all BSIs. BSIs caused by multidrug-resistant microbes rose from 0. 4 to 2. 8, mostly caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli. We observed an increase in community-acquired BSIs, from 67 to 78. The proportion of patients with severe underlying conditions rose from 14 to 23. Additional public health and healthcare prevention efforts are needed to curb the increasing trend in community-acquired BSIs and antimicrobial drugresistant E. coli.
Follow-up from hospital admission. Patients discharged from the hospital after inpatient treatment for EVALI should have a follow-up visit no later than 12 weeks after discharge that includes pulse-oximetry, and clinicians should consider repeating the CXR. Additional follow-up testing 12 months after discharge that might include spirometry, diffusion capacity testing, and CXR should be considered. Long-term effects and the risk of recurrence of EVALI are not known. Whereas many patients symptoms resolved, clinicians report that some patients have relapsed during corticosteroid tapers after hospitalization, underscoring the need for close follow-up (personal communication, Lung Injury Response Clinical Working Group, October 2, 2019). Some patients have had persistent hypoxemia (O2 saturation <95), requiring home oxygen at discharge and might need ongoing pulmonary follow-up. Patients treated with high-dose corticosteroids might require care from an endocrinologist to monitor adrenal function. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to ETS and environmental lead with ADHD using a large nationally representative sample of children. We also explored whether sex modifies the relationships between these neurotoxicants and ADHD. Finally we provide estimates of population attributable fraction of prenatal ETS exposure and lead exposure for ADHD in U.S. children. Rapid diagnostic tools for children with Ebola virus disease (EVD) are needed to expedite isolation and treatment. To evaluate a predictive diagnostic tool, we examined retrospective data (20142015) from the International Medical Corps Ebola Treatment Centers in West Africa. We incorporated statistically derived candidate predictors into a 7-point Pediatric Ebola Risk Score. Evidence of bleeding or having known or no known Ebola contacts was positively associated with an EVD diagnosis, whereas abdominal pain was negatively associated. Model discrimination using area under the curve (AUC) was , which outperforms the World Health Organization criteria (AUC ). External validation, performed by using data from International Medical Corps Ebola Treatment Centers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during 20182019, showed an AUC of . External validation showed that discrimination achieved by using World Health Organization criteria was similar; however, the Pediatric Ebola Risk Score is simpler to use.